The U.S. Job Market, mapped for job seekers & career changers.
159 million working. Hiring has cooled to a trickle and the market is back in balance — but health care and care work are hiring by the hundreds of thousands. Here's where the jobs are, what they pay, and how to land one.
Unemployment is low at 4.2% — but a degree changes your odds dramatically.
The headline rate is healthy and near a one-year low. Underneath it, your risk of being unemployed drops step-by-step with every level of education — and rises sharply for teens and new entrants.
Unemployment rate by education
🎓 Education is the clearest lever
Unemployment runs 6.0% for those without a high-school diploma but just 2.7% for bachelor's-degree holders. A credential is the single biggest thing that lowers your odds of being out of work.
📍 It's not evenly shared
By group: White 3.6%, Asian 3.9%, Hispanic 5.2%, Black 6.6%. By state, the range runs from 2.2% (South Dakota) to 6.2% (Washington, D.C.) — location and background both shift your odds.
The red-hot market of 2022 is over. It's balanced now — and slower to hire.
Openings are down about a third from their peak, there's now roughly one unemployed worker per opening, and monthly job gains have slowed to a trickle. Workers have stopped quitting. Plan for a longer search.
🧭 What it means for your search
The quits rate has fallen to 1.9% — below pre-pandemic norms, meaning fewer people leave jobs and fewer backfill openings appear. Median search is ~12 weeks, but more than 1 in 4 job seekers now stretches past six months. Target sectors with real shortages (next), apply early, and lean on referrals — the reward for job-hopping has shrunk to almost nothing.
Health care is the growth engine of the entire economy.
Health care & social assistance is now the single largest employer in the country — and it's adding jobs faster than anything else, while retail is projected to shrink.
Employment by sector
📈 Where the growth is
Recent job gains cluster in professional & business services, social assistance and health care. Over 2024–34, health care & social assistance is projected to add ~2 million jobs — more than any other sector.
📉 Where it's shrinking
Leisure & hospitality shed 61,000 jobs in June, and retail trade is projected to lose ~182,000 positions this decade. Manufacturing and information have been flat to down.
The jobs adding the most positions this decade.
Care work dominates by sheer volume, with software and management close behind. Many of the biggest openings — aides, cooks, stockers — don't require a four-year degree.
Occupations adding the most jobs, 2024–2034
🚀 Fastest-growing (by %)
Wind-turbine techs (+50%), solar installers (+42%), nurse practitioners (+40%), data scientists (+34%) and information-security analysts (+29%) top the list — clean energy, health care and data are the momentum fields.
⚠️ Be realistic about tech
Long-term, computer roles grow +10%. But right now entry-level is soft: tech job postings are down ~36% vs 2020, recent CS-grad unemployment is 6.1%, and AI is trimming demand for admin, customer-service and design roles. (Postings data: Indeed, private source.)
Pay swings 3.5× by field — and right now, raises aren't keeping up with prices.
The average wage is $37.64/hour, but which occupation you're in changes the number enormously. And with inflation back at 4.2%, real (inflation-adjusted) pay is slipping.
Median hourly wage by occupation group
💡 Negotiation context
The federal minimum wage is still $7.25 (unchanged since 2009), but 30 states plus D.C. set higher floors — up to $17.95 in D.C. Union members earn ~20% more than non-union ($1,404 vs $1,174/week). Women earn 80.6¢ for every dollar men earn — worth knowing when you benchmark an offer against your field's median.
Four forces are reshaping the market you're entering.
Remote work has settled into a durable equilibrium, a retirement wave is opening seats, immigration has reversed, and women are working at record rates.
How work gets done
🏢 Hybrid is the new normal
About a quarter of paid work-days are now remote — down from a 60%+ pandemic peak but steady for two years. Around 35% of workers do some work from home. Fully-remote roles are scarcer and more competitive.
👋 The retirement wave = your opening
Workers 55+ are 23% of the labor force and the median worker is nearly 42. As boomers retire, they leave seats in health care, government and skilled trades — and prime-age women are at a record 78.5% participation.
🌍 Immigration reversed
Foreign-born workers hit a record 19.2% of the labor force and drove all of 2024's net growth — but net migration turned negative in 2025 for the first time in ~50 years, so "breakeven" hiring is now just 20–50K/month.
🔁 Job-hopping stopped paying
The wage reward for switching jobs has collapsed to 0.7 points (4.1% vs 3.4%) from 2+ points in 2022. In a cooler market, staying put and building skills is often the stronger play.
If you're early-career, the rules are different.
Young workers and new grads are bearing the brunt of the hiring slowdown — especially in tech. The 2022 playbook of "apply online and wait" doesn't work in a balanced market.
🎯 The move that works now
Target a growing field with volume — health care, care work, the skilled trades, or a specific tech niche like data or security. Get one concrete credential, and go through people, not portals. In a balanced 1-to-1 market, a referral beats a stack of cold applications, and an entry point in a growing sector beats waiting for the perfect role.
Turn the data into your next move.
Three goals, one market. Pick where you are right now.
Plan for a longer search
Median search is ~12 weeks and 1 in 4 job seekers goes past six months. Set a steady weekly application target and budget your runway — a slow start is the market, not you.
~1 opening per job seekerGo through people, not portals
With hiring cooled and quits low, fewer roles are posted and each gets more applicants. Rebuild your network deliberately — referrals convert far better than cold applications.
Referrals > job boardsTarget the tight states
Unemployment runs from 2.2% (South Dakota) to 6.2% (D.C.). If you're mobile, hiring leverage varies a lot — the Plains and Mountain West are tightest.
4-point state spreadApply early & specifically
Openings in shortage fields fill fast. Five tailored applications to the right roles beat fifty generic ones in a market where employers hold the leverage.
7.6M open positionsFollow health care
Health care & social assistance is the largest and fastest-growing sector — from $35K aides to $129K nurse practitioners. Short credential programs lead straight into persistent demand.
~2M new jobs by 2034Care work needs the most people
Home health & personal-care aides are projected to add 740,000 jobs — the single largest occupation growth in the country, with a fast on-ramp.
+739,800 aide jobsTrades & clean energy are rising
Wind-turbine techs (+50%) and solar installers (+42%) are the fastest-growing occupations — solid pay, no four-year degree, and hard to offshore or automate.
No 4-yr degree neededAim tech at the growth niches
General tech hiring is soft, but data scientists (+34%) and security analysts (+29%) are booming. Pair tech skills with a shortage sector like health or finance.
CS-grad unemployment 6.1%Know your field's number
Management pays a $58.70/hr median and computer/math $50.89 — while food prep sits at $16.41. Benchmark any offer against your specific occupation, not the $23.80 all-jobs median.
3.5× top-to-bottom gapA credential still pays
Bachelor's holders earn a $1,543 median week vs $930 for HS grads — a ~66% premium — and advanced degrees push past $2,000. Pair the degree with a growing field.
+66% degree premiumConsider union & public roles
Union members earn ~20% more ($1,404 vs $1,174/week) with more stability. In a soft market, that security and the union wage premium are worth weighing.
+~$230/week union premiumNegotiate — but know the backdrop
Nominal wages are up 3.5%, yet inflation (4.2%) is eating the raise, so real pay is slipping. Anchor asks on BLS occupation wage data, and factor the 80.6¢ gender gap.
Wages trailing inflationUnemployment, payrolls, wages, participation, education & race breakdowns: Employment Situation, June 2026. · Job openings, quits & turnover: JOLTS, May 2026. · In-demand & fastest-growing occupations, sector employment: Employment Projections 2024–2034 & OEWS, May 2025. · Earnings & gender gap: Usual Weekly Earnings Q1 2026; "Education Pays" 2024. · Real wages & inflation: Real Earnings & CPI, May 2026. · Union membership: Union Members, 2025. · Remote work: BLS American Time Use Survey 2025 & WFH Research (Stanford). · Foreign-born workforce: BLS Foreign-Born Labor Force 2024; net-migration reversal per Brookings 2026. · Tech postings & job-switcher premium: Indeed and Atlanta Fed (noted private/non-BLS sources).
Headline figures are June 2026 (seasonally adjusted); JOLTS openings/quits are May 2026; occupational growth figures are 2024–2034 projections; wage-by-occupation is May 2025 OEWS — different reference periods, labeled throughout. Non-BLS sources flagged where used. Prepared July 2026.
